Power and heat: emissions by company in the EU ETS
547 Mt CO2e in 2025 from 4,604 power and heat installations in the EU ETS, run by 2,408 companies; 65 Mt of it covered by free allowances. Source: Arcadium Data, data as of .
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Largest operating companies
| Operating company | Installations | Emissions 2025 | Free allocation | Allowances to buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. | 5 | 43 Mt | 41 kt | 43 Mt |
| Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG | 7 | 39 Mt | 0.3 Mt | 39 Mt |
| RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft | 5 | 33 Mt | 0.1 Mt | 33 Mt |
| ENEA WYTWARZANIE SP. Z O.O. | 3 | 12 Mt | 4 kt | 12 Mt |
| ČEZ, a. s. | 10 | 11 Mt | 0.1 Mt | 11 Mt |
| ΔΕΗ Α.Ε | 24 | 8.6 Mt | 13 kt | 8.6 Mt |
| TAURON WYTWARZANIE S.A. | 6 | 8.6 Mt | 36 kt | 8.5 Mt |
| Equinor ASA | 22 | 7.1 Mt | 1.6 Mt | 5.5 Mt |
| Vattenfall Power Generation Netherlands B.V. | 7 | 6.8 Mt | 48 kt | 6.8 Mt |
| U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o. | 2 | 6.5 Mt | 6.1 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
| Electrabel | 17 | 6.5 Mt | ||
| EDISON SPA | 10 | 6.3 Mt | 34 kt | 6.2 Mt |
| Naturgy Ciclos Combinados, S.L.U. | 11 | 6.1 Mt | ||
| EniPower S.p.A. | 4 | 6.0 Mt | 15 kt | 6.0 Mt |
| ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | 5 | 5.9 Mt | 50 kt | 5.9 Mt |
| EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG | 8 | 5.8 Mt | 62 kt | 5.7 Mt |
| Sarlux Srl | 1 | 5.6 Mt | 2.1 Mt | 3.5 Mt |
| Uniper Kraftwerke GmbH | 16 | 5.6 Mt | 59 kt | 5.5 Mt |
| PGNiG TERMIKA S.A. | 4 | 5.1 Mt | 0.4 Mt | 4.6 Mt |
| Unión Eléctrica de Canarias Generación, S.A.U. | 11 | 5.0 Mt | ||
| S Complexul Energetic Oltenia SA | 3 | 4.6 Mt | ||
| ENEL PRODUZIONE S.p.A. | 15 | 4.3 Mt | ||
| Elektrárna Počerady, a.s. | 1 | 4.2 Mt | 1 kt | 4.2 Mt |
| Vattenfall Wärme Berlin Aktiengesellschaft | 18 | 4.0 Mt | 0.3 Mt | 3.7 Mt |
| Saale Energie GmbH | 1 | 4.0 Mt | 78 kt | 3.9 Mt |
Largest installations
| Installation | Activity | Country | Operating company | Emissions 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGE GiEK S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Bełchatów | Combustion of fuels | Poland | PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. | 25 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Neurath | Combustion of fuels | Germany | RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft | 12 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Niederaußem | Combustion of fuels | Germany | RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft | 11 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Jänschwalde | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG | 9.6 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Schwarze Pumpe | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG | 8.7 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Weisweiler | Combustion of fuels | Germany | RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft | 8.3 Mt |
| ELEKTROWNIA KOZIENICE | Combustion of fuels | Poland | ENEA WYTWARZANIE SP. Z O.O. | 7.9 Mt |
| PGE GiEK S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Turów | Combustion of fuels | Poland | PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. | 7.8 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Boxberg Werk IV | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG | 7.4 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Lippendorf | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG | 7.3 Mt |
| PGE GiEK S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Opole | Combustion of fuels | Poland | PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. | 7.2 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Boxberg Werk III | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG | 5.7 Mt |
| Sarlux Srl | Combustion of fuels | Italy | Sarlux Srl | 5.6 Mt |
| Electrabel - Knippegroen | Combustion of fuels | Belgium | Electrabel | 4.8 Mt |
| U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o. | Combustion of fuels | Slovakia | U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o. | 4.5 Mt |
| Elektrárna Počerady | Combustion of fuels | Czechia | Elektrárna Počerady, a.s. | 4.2 Mt |
| Kraftwerk Schkopau | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Saale Energie GmbH | 4.0 Mt |
| Elektrownia Kozienice - blok energetyczny 11 | Combustion of fuels | Poland | ENEA WYTWARZANIE SP. Z O.O. | 3.9 Mt |
| Grosskraftwerk Mannheim | Combustion of fuels | Germany | Großkraftwerk Mannheim Aktiengesellschaft | 3.8 Mt |
| Vattenfall Power Velsen | Combustion of fuels | Netherlands | Vattenfall Power Generation Netherlands B.V. | 3.7 Mt |
| TPP AES-3C Maritza East 1 | Combustion of fuels | Bulgaria | AES-3C Maritza East 1 | 3.7 Mt |
| RWE Eemshaven Centrale | Combustion of fuels | Netherlands | RWE Eemshaven Holding II B.V. | 3.6 Mt |
| ČEZ, a. s. - Elektrárna Tušimice 2 | Combustion of fuels | Czechia | ČEZ, a. s. | 3.3 Mt |
| ČEZ, a. s. - Elektrárna Prunéřov 2 | Combustion of fuels | Czechia | ČEZ, a. s. | 3.3 Mt |
| ČEZ, a. s. - Elektrárna Ledvice | Combustion of fuels | Czechia | ČEZ, a. s. | 3.2 Mt |
By country
- Austria (79 installations)
- Belgium (160 installations)
- Bulgaria (14 installations)
- Croatia (18 installations)
- Czechia (121 installations)
- Denmark (21 installations)
- Estonia (30 installations)
- Finland (285 installations)
- France (592 installations)
- Germany (941 installations)
- Greece (60 installations)
- Hungary (106 installations)
- Ireland (106 installations)
- Italy (358 installations)
- Latvia (27 installations)
- Lithuania (59 installations)
- Luxembourg (12 installations)
- Netherlands (209 installations)
- Norway (93 installations)
- Poland (185 installations)
- Portugal (41 installations)
- Romania (64 installations)
- Slovakia (54 installations)
- Slovenia (20 installations)
- Spain (302 installations)
- Sweden (637 installations)
Emissions are verified EU Emissions Trading System emissions in tonnes of CO2 equivalent for 2025: the installations, aircraft operators and shipping companies covered by the ETS, not a company's total footprint (no scope 2 or 3, no sites outside the ETS). Free allocation is the free allowances allocated for the same year; "allowances to buy" is emissions minus free allocation, the exposure that grows as free allocation is phased out under CBAM from 2026. Companies only: an account holder that is not a company is never shown. Data as of 2026-10-25, updated yearly.
Emissions and allocation: European Commission, Union Registry of the EU ETS (verified emissions, free allocation, compliance and the list of operators; Commission reuse policy, CC BY 4.0). Parent company and pollutant releases of facilities: European Environment Agency, Industrial Emissions Portal (CC BY 4.0). Legal-entity identifiers: GLEIF (CC0).
Questions
Where does this data come from?
The European Commission publishes verified emissions, free allocation and compliance of every installation in the EU Emissions Trading System, and the list of operators with company registration number and LEI. We join them to the operating company, its website and its ultimate parent, and record changes each year.
Is this a full carbon footprint?
No. It covers emissions that fall under the EU ETS (power and heat, heavy industry, aviation within Europe, shipping). It has no scope 2 or scope 3 emissions and no sites outside the ETS.
Does the list show private persons?
No. Operators are shown only when they are companies. Account holders that could be natural persons are left out, and the data has no addresses or contact details.
Cite as: Arcadium Data, "Power and heat: emissions by company in the EU ETS: 547 Mt in 2025", https://arcadiumdata.io/emissions/sector/power-and-heat/, data as of 2026-10-25.